Estrategias creativas para la comprensión y producción de textos
ESTRATEGIAS CREATIVAS PARA LA COMPRENSIÓN Y PRODUCCIÓN DE TEXTOS
COMPRENSIÓN LECTORA: PROCESOS Y ESTRATEGIAS
Las definiciones de lectura y de las competencias de lectura han cambiado con el paso del tiempo para ajustarse a los cambios de la sociedad, la economía y al cultura. El concepto de aprendizaje y especialmente de aprendizaje para toda la vida ha expandido las percepciones de esta competencia y las demandas que sobre ella se hacen.
“La competencia en lectura es la comprensión, uso y reflexión sobre textos escritos, con el fin de lograr las metas personales, desarrollar el conocimiento y potencial propios y particular en la sociedad.
El lector, a partir de sus conocimientos previos y de sus propósitos de lectura, otorga sentido a lo escrito. En este proceso, quien lee despliega un conjunto de habilidades como la discriminación de la intención comunicativa, la inferencia de información nueva, la formulación de conclusiones, la emisión de juicios críticos,
La comprensión lectora va más allá de la noción de competencia en lectura como la decodificación y la comprensión literal; implica que la competencia en lectura involucra la comprensión, el uso y la reflexión de la información escrita para varios propósitos. Toma pues en cuenta el papel activo e interactivo del lector en adquirir conocimiento proveniente del texto escrito.
La lectura es práctica permanente en casi todos los escenarios y situaciones de la vida escolar. En todas las materias los estudiantes acuden a un texto escrito para buscar información, aclarar dudas, preparar un examen, cumplir con tareas de extensión, etc. Sin embargo, al ponerse en contacto con el libro o cualquier fuente escrita, los estudiantes carecen de las estrategias adecuadas para descubrir lo que pretende decir el autor.
La práctica de la lectura requiere de un ambiente agradable y de la participación activa y entusiasta de quien enseña y de quien aprende. Lo importante es que los estudiantes disfruten con la lectura, y que no vean en ella una carga pesada. No hay estrategias válidas para todos los casos ni recetas que deban cumplirse al pie de la letra. En ese sentido, se podrán combinar o intercalar estrategias de lectura dirigida (el docente “conduce” las actividades y señala la ruta que seguirán los estudiantes) y la lectura compartida (los estudiantes proponen actividades y estrategias, asumen roles en la conducción de las actividades). En general, la lectura comprende actividades previas, durante y después de la lectura.
GUÍA ESTRATEGIAS PARA LA COMPRENSIÓN Y PRODUCCIÓN DE TEXTOS
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